European Ink Recipes Found in ‘Ali Ḥosseini’s 19th Century Persian Treatise <i>Kašf al-Ṣanāye‘</i> (Discovering Crafts) – کشف الصنایع علی حسینی

Abstract There have been many treatises left behind by Persian master calligraphers detailing the different aspects of art book such as binding, types paper, calligraphic styles and their importance, reed pens cutting for calligraphy, well construction dyes, pigments, sizing, course, inks. While these almost exclusively focus on traditional crafts, manuscript researched in this paper is dedicated to western crafts recipes which were gathered translated into ‘Ali Ḥosseini, a 19th century Iranian scholar. Furthermore, he used English terms ingredients transliterated them during translation, can make deciphering very challenging average reader. The current focuses ink making Kašf al-Ṣanāye‘ from European source.